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<title>Section 5: Data Flow Across the Layers</title>
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<h2>Learning Objectives</h2>
<p>This section doesn’t offer anything new but, by looking into how data flow across all the layers in the Internet stack, it will help your understanding of all the networking concepts and technologies you have learned so far. The journey starts with a Web page request, as we do almost every day.</p>
<h2>Learning Tasks</h2>
<p>Required</p>
<ol>
<li>Watch the <a href="03_Documents06/comp347u6s5.pdf?isCourseFile=true" target="_self">slideshow</a> for this section.</li>
<li>Study Section 6.7, Retrospective: A Day in the Life of a Web Page Request, in the textbook.</li>
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<h2>Terms and Topics</h2>
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<p><strong>Section 5 – Data Flow Across the Layers </strong></p>
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<p>DHCP<br>UDP<br>IP<br>Ethernet<br>DHCP request message<br>UDP segment<br>IP datagram<br>Ethernet frame<br>Multiplexing and demultiplexing<br>CIDR<br>DHCP ACK message<br>Self-learning switch<br>IP forwarding and IP forwarding table<br>TCP socket</p>
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<p>HTTP request<br>DNS and DNS protocol<br>DNS query message<br>ARP protocol<br>ARP query and ARP reply<br>Intra-domain routing with RIP, OSPF, and IS-IS<br>Inter-domain routing with BGP<br>DNS resource record<br>Authoritative DNS server<br>DNS reply message<br>HTTP GET message<br>Three-way handshake<br>TCP SYN<br>HTTP response</p>
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<h2>Leading Questions</h2>
<ol>
<li>When you request a Web page with a Web browser, what does the browser do to begin with?</li>
<li>What networking protocols or services are triggered thereafter and in what order?</li>
<li>What are DHCP request message, UDP segment, IP datagram, and Ethernet frame?</li>
<li>What does demultiplexing do?</li>
<li>What is CIDR?</li>
<li>What type of information does a DHCP ACK message provide?</li>
<li>We say some networking switches can be self-learning. What does that mean?</li>
<li>What information does an IP forwarding table contain?</li>
<li>What is a TCP socket?</li>
<li>What format or formats does an HTTP request have?</li>
<li>What does DNS protocol or a DNS server do?</li>
<li>What information does a DNS query message provide?</li>
<li>What does ARP protocol do?</li>
<li>What information does an ARP query message provide?</li>
<li>What information does an ARP reply message have?</li>
<li>What are intra-domain routing protocols?</li>
<li>How do RIP, OSPF, and IS-IS work?</li>
<li>What are the Internet’s inter-domain routing protocols?</li>
<li>What does the BGP protocol do?</li>
<li>What are DNS resource records?</li>
<li>What is an authoritative DNS server?</li>
<li>What information does a DNS reply message contain?</li>
<li>How does a Web browser interact with a Web server at the transport and application layer?</li>
<li>What is an HTTP response?</li>
<li>What may an HTTP response message contain?</li>
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