content/Content/03_StudyGuideActivitiesAndAssessments/03_Unit05/Section 2 Routing Algorithms.html


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    <title>Section 2: Routing Algorithms</title>
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<h2>Learning Objectives</h2>
<p>After successfully completing this section, you should be able to</p>
<ol>
<li>explain routing principles.</li>
<li>describe some important routing algorithms and protocols.</li>
<li>show how these routing algorithms and protocols work.</li>
<li>describe the structure of routers.</li>
<li>explain how routers work.</li>
</ol>
<h2>Learning Tasks</h2>
<p>Required</p>
<ol>
<li>Watch the <a href="03_Documents05/comp347u5s2.pdf?isCourseFile=true" target="_self">slideshow</a> for this section.</li>
<li>Study Section 5.2, Routing Algorithms, in the textbook.</li>
</ol>
<p>Suggested:</p>
<ol>
<li>Search the Internet for tutorials on network routing and routing algorithms. Choose two tutorials to study and post the links to the course forum with your comments.</li>
</ol>
<h2>Terms and Topics</h2>
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<p><strong>Section 2 – Routing Algorithms </strong></p>
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<p>Routing algorithms<br>Important and well-known routing algorithms<br>Default router<br>First-hope router<br>Source router<br>Destination router<br>Graph<br>A neighbor of a node (in a graph)<br>Path in a graph<br>Least cost path in a graph<br>Shortest path in a graph<br>Global routing algorithm<br>Global state information<br>Link-state (LS) algorithm<br>Decentralized routing algorithm<br>Static routing algorithms<br>Dynamic routing algorithms<br>Load-sensitive routing algorithms<br>Link state broadcasting algorithm</p>
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<p>Distance vector (DV)<br>The distance-vector (DV) routing algorithm<br>Link cost changes and link failure<br>Routing loop<br>Count to infinity problem in DV routing<br>Adding poisoned reverse to the distance-vector algorithm<br>Comparing DV with LS routing algorithms<br>Circuit-switched routing algorithms<br>Hierarchical routing<br>Problems with LS and DV routing&nbsp;</p>
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<h2>Leading Questions</h2>
<ol>
<li>What are the goals of a routing algorithm?</li>
<li>What is the role of the network layer routing protocol?</li>
<li>What is the least cost path between two hosts in a network? What condition does such a path have to meet?</li>
<li>What is the shortest path between two hosts in a network?</li>
<li>When can the shortest path and the least cost path be identical?</li>
<li>What are routing algorithms used for?</li>
<li>How is a graph used to formulate routing problems?</li>
<li>What is a centralized routing algorithm?</li>
<li>What is a decentralized routing algorithm?</li>
<li>What is a static routing algorithm?</li>
<li>What is a dynamic routing algorithm?</li>
<li>What is a load-sensitive routing algorithm?</li>
<li>What is a global routing algorithm for a network?</li>
<li>Why is a global routing algorithm referred to as a link-state algorithm?</li>
<li>What are the differences between distance-vector algorithms and link-state algorithms?</li>
<li>How are link cost changes and link failures handled in the distance-vector algorithm?</li>
<li>What is hot potato routing?</li>
<li>What is shortest path first routing?</li>
<li>What is least loaded path routing?</li>
<li>What is maximum free circuit routing?</li>
<li>What are gateway routers?</li>
<li>What is the intra-autonomous routing protocol?</li>
<li>Based on the IPv4 addressing scheme, what is the maximum number of hosts that can be addressed?</li>
<li>What is a network address? What is a network mask?</li>
<li>What is classful addressing? What are the differences between class A, B, C, and D addresses?</li>
<li>Why are the four address classes no longer formally part of the IP addressing architecture?</li>
<li>What is Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)?</li>
<li>What is subnetting?</li>
<li>What is the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)?</li>
<li>What is route aggregation or route summarization and how does it work?</li>
<li>How does an ISP get a block of addresses?</li>
<li>Which organization is responsible for the management of IP addresses?</li>
<li>How is an IP datagram formatted?</li>
<li>How is an IP datagram transported from source to destination?</li>
<li>What is the maximum transfer unit (MTU)?</li>
<li>What is the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) used for?</li>
</ol>
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