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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>Section 2: Routers</title>
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<div class="row">
<div class="offset-sm-1 col-sm-10">
<h2>Learning Objectives</h2>
<p>After successfully completing this section, you should be able to</p>
<ol>
<li>explain what routers are and why they are very important for the Internet to work.</li>
<li>describe the structure of routers.</li>
<li>explain how routers work.</li>
</ol>
<h2>Learning Tasks</h2>
<p>Required</p>
<ol>
<li>Watch the <a href="03_Documents04/comp347u4s2.pdf?isCourseFile=true" target="_self">slideshow</a> for this section.</li>
<li>Study Section 4.2, What’s Inside a Router?, in the textbook.</li>
</ol>
<p>Suggested:</p>
<ol>
<li>Search the Internet for tutorials about routers. Choose two tutorials to study and post the links to the course forum with your comments.</li>
</ol>
<h2>Terms and Topics</h2>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-11">
<p><strong>Section 2 – Routers</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="col-1"></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-6">
<p>Default router<br>First-hope router<br>Source router<br>Destination router<br>Graph<br>Input port<br>Output port<br>Routing processor<br>Routing table vs. forwarding table<br>Switch fabric<br>Routing processor<br>Area border routers<br>SDN router<br>Edge router<br>Destination-based forwarding<br>Generalized forwarding</p>
</div>
<div class="col-6">
<p>Router forwarding plane<br>Router control plane<br>Switching techniques<br>Switching via memory<br>Switching via buses<br>Switching via interconnection networks<br>Packet loss at input ports<br>Packet loss at output ports<br>Packet scheduler<br>First-come-first-served (FCFS)<br>Weighted fair queuing (WFQ)<br>Quality of service guarantees<br>Drop-tail policy<br>Active queuing management (AQM)<br>Random early detection (RED)<br>Head-of-the-line (HOL) blocking in an input-queued switch<br>Routing control plane architectures and techniques</p>
</div>
</div>
<h2>Leading Questions</h2>
<ol>
<li>What is a router?</li>
<li>What are routers used for?</li>
<li>What is inside a router?</li>
<li>What do the input ports do?</li>
<li>How does the switching fabric work inside a router?</li>
<li>What are the three different switching techniques? How does each of these techniques work?</li>
<li>What do the output ports do?</li>
<li>Where does queuing occur in a router? How do routing protocols deal with packet queuing?</li>
<li>What is a gateway router?</li>
<li>What are the fundamental differences between a router and link-layer switch?</li>
<li>What is the intra-autonomous routing protocol?</li>
</ol>
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