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<title>Learning Objectives</title>
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<h2>Learning Objectives</h2>
<p>After successfully completing this unit, you should be able to</p>
<ol>
<li>explain how UDP and TCP work.</li>
<li>describe the differences between UDP and TCP.</li>
<li>explain how data errors can be detected.</li>
<li>explain how reliable data transfer can be achieved at the transport layer.</li>
</ol>
<h2>Learning Tasks</h2>
<p>Required:</p>
<ol>
<li>Watch the <a href="03_Documents03/comp347u3s2.pdf?isCourseFile=true" target="_self">slideshow</a> for this section.</li>
<li>Study the following sections in the textbook:</li>
</ol>
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<p>3.3 Connectionless Transport: UDP<br>3.4 Principles of Reliable Data Transfer<br>3.5 Connection-Oriented Transport: TCP</p>
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<h2>Terms and Topics</h2>
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<p><strong>Section 2 – UDP and TCP </strong></p>
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<p>UDP segment structure<br>UDP checksum<br>1s complement<br>End-end principle in system design<br>Principles of reliable data transfer<br>Reliable data transfer principle<br>Unidirectional data transfer<br>Bidirectional data transfer<br>First state machine (FSM)<br>Positive acknowledgement<br>Negative acknowledgement<br>Automatic Request reQuest (ARQ) protocols<br>Stop-and-wait protocol<br>Duplicate data packets<br>Sequence number in packets<br>Duplicate ACKs<br>Use of countdown timer<br>Alternating-bit protocol<br>RDT1.0<br>RDT2.0, RDT2.1 and RDT2.2<br>RDT3.0<br>Pipelining<br>Pipelined reliable data transfer protocols<br>Utilization of communication channel<br>Go-back-N (GBN) protocol<br>Selective repeat (SR) protocol<br>Sliding-window protocol<br>Window size in sliding window protocol</p>
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<p>full duplex service<br>three-way handshake<br>TCP connection sender buffer<br>Maximum segment size (MSS)<br>Maximum transmission unit (MTU)<br>TCP segment structure<br>Source and destination port numbers<br>Internet checksum field<br>Sequence number field<br>Acknowledge number field<br>Receive window<br>Header length field<br>Options field<br>Flag field<br>ACK bit<br>RST bit<br>SYN bit<br>PSH bit<br>URG bit<br>Urgent data pointer field<br>Cumulative acknowledgement<br>Exponential weighted moving average (EWMA)<br>Fast retransmit<br>Flow control service<br>Congestion control service<br>Receive window<br>TCP connection control management<br>SYNACK segment<br>TCP states</p>
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<h2>Leading Questions</h2>
<ol>
<li>How is a transport layer segment formatted? How is each of the fields created?</li>
<li>Why is UDP called a connectionless transport protocol?</li>
<li>Why is TCP called a connection-oriented transport protocol?</li>
<li>What advantages does UDP have over TCP?</li>
<li>What transport protocols are used by the following application protocols: SMTP, Telnet, HTTP, FTP, NFS, SNMP, RIP, and DNS?</li>
<li>How is a UDP segment formatted?</li>
<li>What is checksum? How is checksum calculated in UDP?</li>
<li>What is reliable data transfer? What is unidirectional data transfer? What is bidirectional data transfer?</li>
<li>What do the sender and the receiver need to do in order to achieve reliable data transfer over a perfectly reliable channel?</li>
<li>How could reliable data transfer be achieved over a channel with bit errors?</li>
<li>How could reliable data transfer be achieved over a lossy channel with bit errors?</li>
<li>Protocol rdt3.0 is a stop-and-wait data transfer protocol with poor performance. What techniques can be used to improve its performance?</li>
<li>What are the two basic approaches to pipelined error recovery?</li>
<li>What is the key feature of a Go-Back-N (GBN) protocol?</li>
<li>Why is the GBN protocol also called a sliding-window protocol?</li>
<li>What is the key feature of the selective repeat protocol? What problem is it intended to solve?</li>
<li>Why is TCP said to be point-to-point?</li>
<li>What is a three-way handshake?</li>
<li>What fields does a TCP segment have, and what role is assigned to each?</li>
<li>The Internet Protocol (IP) is an unreliable best-effort protocol, which runs under TCP. How does TCP provide reliable data transfer service over the unreliable IP?</li>
<li>Why does TCP need flow control?</li>
<li>How is a TCP connection managed?</li>
<li>What are the various TCP states?</li>
</ol>
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