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<title>Section 1: Principles of Network Applications</title>
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<h2>Learning Objectives</h2>
<p>After successfully completing this section, you should be able to</p>
<ol>
<li>outline the principles of network applications.</li>
<li>describe the relationships between some well-known network applications and their underlying application layer protocols.</li>
<li>list and describe some widely used network applications.</li>
</ol>
<h2>Learning Tasks</h2>
<p>Required:</p>
<ol>
<li>Watch the <a href="03_Documents02/comp347u2s1.pdf?isCourseFile=true" target="_self">slideshow</a> for this section.</li>
<li>Study Section 2.1, Principles of Network Applications, in the textbook.</li>
</ol>
<p>Suggested:</p>
<ol>
<li>Browse the IETF website at <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ietf.org/" rel="noopener">https://www.ietf.org/</a> and select some relevant documents to read. Post the links to the course forum with your comments.</li>
</ol>
<h2>Terms and Topics</h2>
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<div class="col-11">
<p><strong>Section 1 – Principles of Network Applications </strong></p>
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<p><strong>Principles of network applications</strong><br>Network application architecture<br>Client-server architecture<br>Data center<br>P2P architecture<br>Self-scalability<br>Processes and communication between processes<br>Socket as a software interface<br>Application Programming Interface (API)<br>IP address and port number<br>Reliable data transfer</p>
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<p>Loss-tolerant applications<br>Bandwidth-sensitive applications<br>Elastic applications<br>transport layer services<br>TCP services<br>UDP services<br>TCP connection<br>Application-layer protocols<br>HTTP<br>FTP<br>SMTP</p>
</div>
</div>
<h2>Leading Questions</h2>
<ol>
<li>Define the term <em>network applications</em>. What are the most used network applications?</li>
<li>What are computer network protocols?</li>
<li>What are the relationships between network applications and application layer protocols?</li>
<li>What does an application-layer protocol define?</li>
<li>Where can the specifications of network application layer protocols be found?</li>
<li>Which organization oversees these specifications?</li>
<li>What is a network application server, and what is a network application client?</li>
<li>How are computers on the Internet addressed?</li>
<li>How are IP addresses resolved from the literal names of network nodes?</li>
<li>What is a port? What port numbers are used for what popular application-layer protocols?</li>
<li>What is the Web’s application layer protocol?</li>
<li>What application-layer protocols are used for electronic mail?</li>
<li>What is a user agent?</li>
<li>What is a loss-tolerant application? Provide examples.</li>
<li>What is bandwidth? What is a bandwidth-sensitive application?</li>
<li>What are elastic applications?</li>
<li>What are real-time network applications? Provide examples.</li>
<li>What services should be provided to application layer protocols by transport layer protocols?</li>
<li>What applications does TCP support? What applications does UDP support?</li>
</ol>
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