diff options
| author | mo khan <mo@mokhan.ca> | 2025-09-15 18:46:18 -0600 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | mo khan <mo@mokhan.ca> | 2025-09-15 18:46:18 -0600 |
| commit | d0a1d2e78e81536a0127065fe7015b1ef4cc353a (patch) | |
| tree | 229f56bf0137244fb78a8b70f73b290b454e144c /assignments/1 | |
| parent | cfda5547b98bd026e3d47b25c490c883a6098603 (diff) | |
Simplify question 1.2
Diffstat (limited to 'assignments/1')
| -rw-r--r-- | assignments/1/README.md | 26 |
1 files changed, 9 insertions, 17 deletions
diff --git a/assignments/1/README.md b/assignments/1/README.md index abd5d5a..61cf986 100644 --- a/assignments/1/README.md +++ b/assignments/1/README.md @@ -121,23 +121,15 @@ behavior. > What are the five layers in the Internet protocol stack? Develop a table to summarise what each layer does. -The Internet protocol stack consists of five layers, each with specific responsibilities (Kurose & Ross, 2021, Section 1.5): - -| Layer | Name | Function | -| ------ | ------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | -| 5 | Application | Provides network services to applications (HTTP, SMTP, FTP, DNS) | -| 4 | Transport | Provides reliable data transfer between processes (TCP, UDP) | -| 3 | Network | Routes packets across networks using IP addresses (IP, ICMP) | -| 2 | Link | Handles data transfer between adjacent network nodes (Ethernet, WiFi) | -| 1 | Physical | Transmits raw bits over physical medium (cables, radio waves) | - -### Layer Details - -- Application Layer: Interfaces directly with software applications, providing services like web browsing (HTTP), email (SMTP), file transfer (FTP), and domain name resolution (DNS). -- Transport Layer: Ensures reliable communication between applications on different hosts. TCP provides connection-oriented, reliable delivery while UDP offers connectionless, faster but unreliable delivery. -- Network Layer: Handles routing of packets across multiple networks using logical addressing (IP addresses). Determines the best path from source to destination. -- Link Layer: Manages data transmission between directly connected nodes on the same network segment. Handles error detection and correction at the local level. -- Physical Layer: Converts digital data into electrical, optical, or radio signals for transmission over physical media like copper wires, fiber optics, or wireless channels. +The Internet protocol stack has five layers, each with specific responsibilities (Kurose & Ross, 2021, Section 1.5): + +| Layer | Name | Description | +| ----- | ----------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | +| 5 | Application | Provides services for applications (e.g., HTTP, SMTP, FTP, DNS) | +| 4 | Transport | Reliable or unreliable data delivery between processes (TCP, UDP) | +| 3 | Network | Routes packets between hosts using logical addressing (IP, ICMP) | +| 2 | Link | Transfers data between adjacent nodes (Ethernet, WiFi) | +| 1 | Physical | Sends raw bits as signals over the physical medium (cables, radio) | ## 1.3 Packet-Switched vs Circuit-Switched Networks (5%) |