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| author | mo khan <mo.khan@gmail.com> | 2019-10-14 11:39:33 -0600 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | mo khan <mo.khan@gmail.com> | 2019-10-14 11:39:33 -0600 |
| commit | 4e970e8b93572fc5dd4aa2380f7a452cda2ec9d5 (patch) | |
| tree | 18fc5cbc163ce45b20ebfddb2dfe765db4e290c3 | |
| parent | 904afa95f15a971457a5ca0890955c3d4b529a28 (diff) | |
Answer incomplete questions
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 62 |
1 files changed, 62 insertions, 0 deletions
@@ -1060,12 +1060,74 @@ Your report should include advice to other people attempting to do the same. - https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/Installation_Guide/s1-rescuemode-booting-single.html e. What, if anything, do you notice that is different about booting into single-user mode compared to shutting down to single-user mode? + + When booting into single user mode everthing appears to be the same. + However, when I look at the process listing many processes aren't started. + For example many services that usually start up with systemd are not + running. However, I was not able to switch to runlevel 1. + f. Shut the system down; then boot it normally. Look in the file /var/log/messages (often /var/adm/messages on some systems). How does the information in the “messages” file compare with what appears on the screen during boot? + The file `/var/log/messages` and `/var/adm/messages` does not exist. A + `/var/log/README` has the following explanation. + + ```text + You are looking for the traditional text log files in /var/log, and + they are gone? + + Here's an explanation on what's going on: + + You are running a systemd-based OS where traditional syslog has been + replaced with the Journal. The journal stores the same (and more) + information as classic syslog. To make use of the journal and access + the collected log data simply invoke "journalctl", which will output + the logs in the identical text-based format the syslog files in + /var/log used to be. For further details, please refer to + journalctl(1). + + Alternatively, consider installing one of the traditional syslog + implementations available for your distribution, which will generate + the classic log files for you. Syslog implementations such as + syslog-ng or rsyslog may be installed side-by-side with the journal + and will continue to function the way they always did. + + Thank you! + + Further reading: + man:journalctl(1) + man:systemd-journald.service(8) + man:journald.conf(5) + http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/the-journal.html + ``` + + Running `journalctl --folow -k` includes logs from the kernel which is + similar to what appears on screen during the boot process. + 3. Linux Startup a. Run the dmesg command, and list which devices are assigned to each of CD-ROM, HD, and floppy disk. + This system does not have a CD-ROM or floppy disk. `dmesg` shows that the + kernel identifier two disks. `sda` assigned to a 1TB disk and `sdb` assigned + to a 250 GB disk. + + ```bash + モ dmesg | grep -E 'sd[ab]' + [ 1.406725] sd 6:0:0:0: [sda] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/932 GiB) + [ 1.406763] sd 6:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off + [ 1.406766] sd 6:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 + [ 1.406796] sd 6:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA + [ 1.421233] sda: sda1 + [ 1.421910] sd 6:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk + [ 1.870382] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] 488397168 512-byte logical blocks: (250 GB/233 GiB) + [ 1.870394] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off + [ 1.870396] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 + [ 1.870414] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA + [ 1.870965] sdb: sdb1 sdb2 + [ 1.871492] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk + [ 6.869352] EXT4-fs (sdb1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) + ``` + b. What do you think the following (or a similar line) in dmesg output means? ```text Linux version 2.6.5-1.358 (bhcompile@bugs.build.redhat.com) (gcc version 3.3.3 20040412 (Red Hat Linux 3.3.3-7)) #1 Sat May 8 09:04:50 DT 2004 |
