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authormo khan <mo.khan@gmail.com>2019-10-14 11:39:33 -0600
committermo khan <mo.khan@gmail.com>2019-10-14 11:39:33 -0600
commit4e970e8b93572fc5dd4aa2380f7a452cda2ec9d5 (patch)
tree18fc5cbc163ce45b20ebfddb2dfe765db4e290c3
parent904afa95f15a971457a5ca0890955c3d4b529a28 (diff)
Answer incomplete questions
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@@ -1060,12 +1060,74 @@ Your report should include advice to other people attempting to do the same.
- https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/Installation_Guide/s1-rescuemode-booting-single.html
e. What, if anything, do you notice that is different about booting into single-user mode compared to shutting down to single-user mode?
+
+ When booting into single user mode everthing appears to be the same.
+ However, when I look at the process listing many processes aren't started.
+ For example many services that usually start up with systemd are not
+ running. However, I was not able to switch to runlevel 1.
+
f. Shut the system down; then boot it normally. Look in the file /var/log/messages (often /var/adm/messages on some systems). How does the information in the “messages” file compare with what appears on the screen during boot?
+ The file `/var/log/messages` and `/var/adm/messages` does not exist. A
+ `/var/log/README` has the following explanation.
+
+ ```text
+ You are looking for the traditional text log files in /var/log, and
+ they are gone?
+
+ Here's an explanation on what's going on:
+
+ You are running a systemd-based OS where traditional syslog has been
+ replaced with the Journal. The journal stores the same (and more)
+ information as classic syslog. To make use of the journal and access
+ the collected log data simply invoke "journalctl", which will output
+ the logs in the identical text-based format the syslog files in
+ /var/log used to be. For further details, please refer to
+ journalctl(1).
+
+ Alternatively, consider installing one of the traditional syslog
+ implementations available for your distribution, which will generate
+ the classic log files for you. Syslog implementations such as
+ syslog-ng or rsyslog may be installed side-by-side with the journal
+ and will continue to function the way they always did.
+
+ Thank you!
+
+ Further reading:
+ man:journalctl(1)
+ man:systemd-journald.service(8)
+ man:journald.conf(5)
+ http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/the-journal.html
+ ```
+
+ Running `journalctl --folow -k` includes logs from the kernel which is
+ similar to what appears on screen during the boot process.
+
3. Linux Startup
a. Run the dmesg command, and list which devices are assigned to each of CD-ROM, HD, and floppy disk.
+ This system does not have a CD-ROM or floppy disk. `dmesg` shows that the
+ kernel identifier two disks. `sda` assigned to a 1TB disk and `sdb` assigned
+ to a 250 GB disk.
+
+ ```bash
+ モ dmesg | grep -E 'sd[ab]'
+ [ 1.406725] sd 6:0:0:0: [sda] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/932 GiB)
+ [ 1.406763] sd 6:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
+ [ 1.406766] sd 6:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
+ [ 1.406796] sd 6:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
+ [ 1.421233] sda: sda1
+ [ 1.421910] sd 6:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
+ [ 1.870382] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] 488397168 512-byte logical blocks: (250 GB/233 GiB)
+ [ 1.870394] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
+ [ 1.870396] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
+ [ 1.870414] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
+ [ 1.870965] sdb: sdb1 sdb2
+ [ 1.871492] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
+ [ 6.869352] EXT4-fs (sdb1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
+ ```
+
b. What do you think the following (or a similar line) in dmesg output means?
```text
Linux version 2.6.5-1.358 (bhcompile@bugs.build.redhat.com) (gcc version 3.3.3 20040412 (Red Hat Linux 3.3.3-7)) #1 Sat May 8 09:04:50 DT 2004