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-//! Provides the [Engine] abstraction and out of the box implementations.
-#[cfg(any(feature = "alloc", test))]
-use crate::chunked_encoder;
-use crate::{
- encode::{encode_with_padding, EncodeSliceError},
- encoded_len, DecodeError, DecodeSliceError,
-};
-#[cfg(any(feature = "alloc", test))]
-use alloc::vec::Vec;
-
-#[cfg(any(feature = "alloc", test))]
-use alloc::{string::String, vec};
-
-pub mod general_purpose;
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod naive;
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests;
-
-pub use general_purpose::{GeneralPurpose, GeneralPurposeConfig};
-
-/// An `Engine` provides low-level encoding and decoding operations that all other higher-level parts of the API use. Users of the library will generally not need to implement this.
-///
-/// Different implementations offer different characteristics. The library currently ships with
-/// [GeneralPurpose] that offers good speed and works on any CPU, with more choices
-/// coming later, like a constant-time one when side channel resistance is called for, and vendor-specific vectorized ones for more speed.
-///
-/// See [general_purpose::STANDARD_NO_PAD] if you just want standard base64. Otherwise, when possible, it's
-/// recommended to store the engine in a `const` so that references to it won't pose any lifetime
-/// issues, and to avoid repeating the cost of engine setup.
-///
-/// Since almost nobody will need to implement `Engine`, docs for internal methods are hidden.
-// When adding an implementation of Engine, include them in the engine test suite:
-// - add an implementation of [engine::tests::EngineWrapper]
-// - add the implementation to the `all_engines` macro
-// All tests run on all engines listed in the macro.
-pub trait Engine: Send + Sync {
- /// The config type used by this engine
- type Config: Config;
- /// The decode estimate used by this engine
- type DecodeEstimate: DecodeEstimate;
-
- /// This is not meant to be called directly; it is only for `Engine` implementors.
- /// See the other `encode*` functions on this trait.
- ///
- /// Encode the `input` bytes into the `output` buffer based on the mapping in `encode_table`.
- ///
- /// `output` will be long enough to hold the encoded data.
- ///
- /// Returns the number of bytes written.
- ///
- /// No padding should be written; that is handled separately.
- ///
- /// Must not write any bytes into the output slice other than the encoded data.
- #[doc(hidden)]
- fn internal_encode(&self, input: &[u8], output: &mut [u8]) -> usize;
-
- /// This is not meant to be called directly; it is only for `Engine` implementors.
- ///
- /// As an optimization to prevent the decoded length from being calculated twice, it is
- /// sometimes helpful to have a conservative estimate of the decoded size before doing the
- /// decoding, so this calculation is done separately and passed to [Engine::decode()] as needed.
- #[doc(hidden)]
- fn internal_decoded_len_estimate(&self, input_len: usize) -> Self::DecodeEstimate;
-
- /// This is not meant to be called directly; it is only for `Engine` implementors.
- /// See the other `decode*` functions on this trait.
- ///
- /// Decode `input` base64 bytes into the `output` buffer.
- ///
- /// `decode_estimate` is the result of [Engine::internal_decoded_len_estimate()], which is passed in to avoid
- /// calculating it again (expensive on short inputs).`
- ///
- /// Each complete 4-byte chunk of encoded data decodes to 3 bytes of decoded data, but this
- /// function must also handle the final possibly partial chunk.
- /// If the input length is not a multiple of 4, or uses padding bytes to reach a multiple of 4,
- /// the trailing 2 or 3 bytes must decode to 1 or 2 bytes, respectively, as per the
- /// [RFC](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648#section-3.5).
- ///
- /// Decoding must not write any bytes into the output slice other than the decoded data.
- ///
- /// Non-canonical trailing bits in the final tokens or non-canonical padding must be reported as
- /// errors unless the engine is configured otherwise.
- #[doc(hidden)]
- fn internal_decode(
- &self,
- input: &[u8],
- output: &mut [u8],
- decode_estimate: Self::DecodeEstimate,
- ) -> Result<DecodeMetadata, DecodeSliceError>;
-
- /// Returns the config for this engine.
- fn config(&self) -> &Self::Config;
-
- /// Encode arbitrary octets as base64 using the provided `Engine`.
- /// Returns a `String`.
- ///
- /// # Example
- ///
- /// ```rust
- /// use base64::{Engine as _, engine::{self, general_purpose}, alphabet};
- ///
- /// let b64 = general_purpose::STANDARD.encode(b"hello world~");
- /// println!("{}", b64);
- ///
- /// const CUSTOM_ENGINE: engine::GeneralPurpose =
- /// engine::GeneralPurpose::new(&alphabet::URL_SAFE, general_purpose::NO_PAD);
- ///
- /// let b64_url = CUSTOM_ENGINE.encode(b"hello internet~");
- /// ```
- #[cfg(any(feature = "alloc", test))]
- #[inline]
- fn encode<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(&self, input: T) -> String {
- fn inner<E>(engine: &E, input_bytes: &[u8]) -> String
- where
- E: Engine + ?Sized,
- {
- let encoded_size = encoded_len(input_bytes.len(), engine.config().encode_padding())
- .expect("integer overflow when calculating buffer size");
-
- let mut buf = vec![0; encoded_size];
-
- encode_with_padding(input_bytes, &mut buf[..], engine, encoded_size);
-
- String::from_utf8(buf).expect("Invalid UTF8")
- }
-
- inner(self, input.as_ref())
- }
-
- /// Encode arbitrary octets as base64 into a supplied `String`.
- /// Writes into the supplied `String`, which may allocate if its internal buffer isn't big enough.
- ///
- /// # Example
- ///
- /// ```rust
- /// use base64::{Engine as _, engine::{self, general_purpose}, alphabet};
- /// const CUSTOM_ENGINE: engine::GeneralPurpose =
- /// engine::GeneralPurpose::new(&alphabet::URL_SAFE, general_purpose::NO_PAD);
- ///
- /// fn main() {
- /// let mut buf = String::new();
- /// general_purpose::STANDARD.encode_string(b"hello world~", &mut buf);
- /// println!("{}", buf);
- ///
- /// buf.clear();
- /// CUSTOM_ENGINE.encode_string(b"hello internet~", &mut buf);
- /// println!("{}", buf);
- /// }
- /// ```
- #[cfg(any(feature = "alloc", test))]
- #[inline]
- fn encode_string<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(&self, input: T, output_buf: &mut String) {
- fn inner<E>(engine: &E, input_bytes: &[u8], output_buf: &mut String)
- where
- E: Engine + ?Sized,
- {
- let mut sink = chunked_encoder::StringSink::new(output_buf);
-
- chunked_encoder::ChunkedEncoder::new(engine)
- .encode(input_bytes, &mut sink)
- .expect("Writing to a String shouldn't fail");
- }
-
- inner(self, input.as_ref(), output_buf)
- }
-
- /// Encode arbitrary octets as base64 into a supplied slice.
- /// Writes into the supplied output buffer.
- ///
- /// This is useful if you wish to avoid allocation entirely (e.g. encoding into a stack-resident
- /// or statically-allocated buffer).
- ///
- /// # Example
- ///
- #[cfg_attr(feature = "alloc", doc = "```")]
- #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "alloc"), doc = "```ignore")]
- /// use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose};
- /// let s = b"hello internet!";
- /// let mut buf = Vec::new();
- /// // make sure we'll have a slice big enough for base64 + padding
- /// buf.resize(s.len() * 4 / 3 + 4, 0);
- ///
- /// let bytes_written = general_purpose::STANDARD.encode_slice(s, &mut buf).unwrap();
- ///
- /// // shorten our vec down to just what was written
- /// buf.truncate(bytes_written);
- ///
- /// assert_eq!(s, general_purpose::STANDARD.decode(&buf).unwrap().as_slice());
- /// ```
- #[inline]
- fn encode_slice<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(
- &self,
- input: T,
- output_buf: &mut [u8],
- ) -> Result<usize, EncodeSliceError> {
- fn inner<E>(
- engine: &E,
- input_bytes: &[u8],
- output_buf: &mut [u8],
- ) -> Result<usize, EncodeSliceError>
- where
- E: Engine + ?Sized,
- {
- let encoded_size = encoded_len(input_bytes.len(), engine.config().encode_padding())
- .expect("usize overflow when calculating buffer size");
-
- if output_buf.len() < encoded_size {
- return Err(EncodeSliceError::OutputSliceTooSmall);
- }
-
- let b64_output = &mut output_buf[0..encoded_size];
-
- encode_with_padding(input_bytes, b64_output, engine, encoded_size);
-
- Ok(encoded_size)
- }
-
- inner(self, input.as_ref(), output_buf)
- }
-
- /// Decode the input into a new `Vec`.
- ///
- /// # Example
- ///
- /// ```rust
- /// use base64::{Engine as _, alphabet, engine::{self, general_purpose}};
- ///
- /// let bytes = general_purpose::STANDARD
- /// .decode("aGVsbG8gd29ybGR+Cg==").unwrap();
- /// println!("{:?}", bytes);
- ///
- /// // custom engine setup
- /// let bytes_url = engine::GeneralPurpose::new(
- /// &alphabet::URL_SAFE,
- /// general_purpose::NO_PAD)
- /// .decode("aGVsbG8gaW50ZXJuZXR-Cg").unwrap();
- /// println!("{:?}", bytes_url);
- /// ```
- #[cfg(any(feature = "alloc", test))]
- #[inline]
- fn decode<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(&self, input: T) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DecodeError> {
- fn inner<E>(engine: &E, input_bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DecodeError>
- where
- E: Engine + ?Sized,
- {
- let estimate = engine.internal_decoded_len_estimate(input_bytes.len());
- let mut buffer = vec![0; estimate.decoded_len_estimate()];
-
- let bytes_written = engine
- .internal_decode(input_bytes, &mut buffer, estimate)
- .map_err(|e| match e {
- DecodeSliceError::DecodeError(e) => e,
- DecodeSliceError::OutputSliceTooSmall => {
- unreachable!("Vec is sized conservatively")
- }
- })?
- .decoded_len;
-
- buffer.truncate(bytes_written);
-
- Ok(buffer)
- }
-
- inner(self, input.as_ref())
- }
-
- /// Decode the `input` into the supplied `buffer`.
- ///
- /// Writes into the supplied `Vec`, which may allocate if its internal buffer isn't big enough.
- /// Returns a `Result` containing an empty tuple, aka `()`.
- ///
- /// # Example
- ///
- /// ```rust
- /// use base64::{Engine as _, alphabet, engine::{self, general_purpose}};
- /// const CUSTOM_ENGINE: engine::GeneralPurpose =
- /// engine::GeneralPurpose::new(&alphabet::URL_SAFE, general_purpose::PAD);
- ///
- /// fn main() {
- /// use base64::Engine;
- /// let mut buffer = Vec::<u8>::new();
- /// // with the default engine
- /// general_purpose::STANDARD
- /// .decode_vec("aGVsbG8gd29ybGR+Cg==", &mut buffer,).unwrap();
- /// println!("{:?}", buffer);
- ///
- /// buffer.clear();
- ///
- /// // with a custom engine
- /// CUSTOM_ENGINE.decode_vec(
- /// "aGVsbG8gaW50ZXJuZXR-Cg==",
- /// &mut buffer,
- /// ).unwrap();
- /// println!("{:?}", buffer);
- /// }
- /// ```
- #[cfg(any(feature = "alloc", test))]
- #[inline]
- fn decode_vec<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(
- &self,
- input: T,
- buffer: &mut Vec<u8>,
- ) -> Result<(), DecodeError> {
- fn inner<E>(engine: &E, input_bytes: &[u8], buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<(), DecodeError>
- where
- E: Engine + ?Sized,
- {
- let starting_output_len = buffer.len();
- let estimate = engine.internal_decoded_len_estimate(input_bytes.len());
-
- let total_len_estimate = estimate
- .decoded_len_estimate()
- .checked_add(starting_output_len)
- .expect("Overflow when calculating output buffer length");
-
- buffer.resize(total_len_estimate, 0);
-
- let buffer_slice = &mut buffer.as_mut_slice()[starting_output_len..];
-
- let bytes_written = engine
- .internal_decode(input_bytes, buffer_slice, estimate)
- .map_err(|e| match e {
- DecodeSliceError::DecodeError(e) => e,
- DecodeSliceError::OutputSliceTooSmall => {
- unreachable!("Vec is sized conservatively")
- }
- })?
- .decoded_len;
-
- buffer.truncate(starting_output_len + bytes_written);
-
- Ok(())
- }
-
- inner(self, input.as_ref(), buffer)
- }
-
- /// Decode the input into the provided output slice.
- ///
- /// Returns the number of bytes written to the slice, or an error if `output` is smaller than
- /// the estimated decoded length.
- ///
- /// This will not write any bytes past exactly what is decoded (no stray garbage bytes at the end).
- ///
- /// See [crate::decoded_len_estimate] for calculating buffer sizes.
- ///
- /// See [Engine::decode_slice_unchecked] for a version that panics instead of returning an error
- /// if the output buffer is too small.
- #[inline]
- fn decode_slice<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(
- &self,
- input: T,
- output: &mut [u8],
- ) -> Result<usize, DecodeSliceError> {
- fn inner<E>(
- engine: &E,
- input_bytes: &[u8],
- output: &mut [u8],
- ) -> Result<usize, DecodeSliceError>
- where
- E: Engine + ?Sized,
- {
- engine
- .internal_decode(
- input_bytes,
- output,
- engine.internal_decoded_len_estimate(input_bytes.len()),
- )
- .map(|dm| dm.decoded_len)
- }
-
- inner(self, input.as_ref(), output)
- }
-
- /// Decode the input into the provided output slice.
- ///
- /// Returns the number of bytes written to the slice.
- ///
- /// This will not write any bytes past exactly what is decoded (no stray garbage bytes at the end).
- ///
- /// See [crate::decoded_len_estimate] for calculating buffer sizes.
- ///
- /// See [Engine::decode_slice] for a version that returns an error instead of panicking if the output
- /// buffer is too small.
- ///
- /// # Panics
- ///
- /// Panics if the provided output buffer is too small for the decoded data.
- #[inline]
- fn decode_slice_unchecked<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(
- &self,
- input: T,
- output: &mut [u8],
- ) -> Result<usize, DecodeError> {
- fn inner<E>(engine: &E, input_bytes: &[u8], output: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, DecodeError>
- where
- E: Engine + ?Sized,
- {
- engine
- .internal_decode(
- input_bytes,
- output,
- engine.internal_decoded_len_estimate(input_bytes.len()),
- )
- .map(|dm| dm.decoded_len)
- .map_err(|e| match e {
- DecodeSliceError::DecodeError(e) => e,
- DecodeSliceError::OutputSliceTooSmall => {
- panic!("Output slice is too small")
- }
- })
- }
-
- inner(self, input.as_ref(), output)
- }
-}
-
-/// The minimal level of configuration that engines must support.
-pub trait Config {
- /// Returns `true` if padding should be added after the encoded output.
- ///
- /// Padding is added outside the engine's encode() since the engine may be used
- /// to encode only a chunk of the overall output, so it can't always know when
- /// the output is "done" and would therefore need padding (if configured).
- // It could be provided as a separate parameter when encoding, but that feels like
- // leaking an implementation detail to the user, and it's hopefully more convenient
- // to have to only pass one thing (the engine) to any part of the API.
- fn encode_padding(&self) -> bool;
-}
-
-/// The decode estimate used by an engine implementation. Users do not need to interact with this;
-/// it is only for engine implementors.
-///
-/// Implementors may store relevant data here when constructing this to avoid having to calculate
-/// them again during actual decoding.
-pub trait DecodeEstimate {
- /// Returns a conservative (err on the side of too big) estimate of the decoded length to use
- /// for pre-allocating buffers, etc.
- ///
- /// The estimate must be no larger than the next largest complete triple of decoded bytes.
- /// That is, the final quad of tokens to decode may be assumed to be complete with no padding.
- fn decoded_len_estimate(&self) -> usize;
-}
-
-/// Controls how pad bytes are handled when decoding.
-///
-/// Each [Engine] must support at least the behavior indicated by
-/// [DecodePaddingMode::RequireCanonical], and may support other modes.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum DecodePaddingMode {
- /// Canonical padding is allowed, but any fewer padding bytes than that is also allowed.
- Indifferent,
- /// Padding must be canonical (0, 1, or 2 `=` as needed to produce a 4 byte suffix).
- RequireCanonical,
- /// Padding must be absent -- for when you want predictable padding, without any wasted bytes.
- RequireNone,
-}
-
-/// Metadata about the result of a decode operation
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
-pub struct DecodeMetadata {
- /// Number of decoded bytes output
- pub(crate) decoded_len: usize,
- /// Offset of the first padding byte in the input, if any
- pub(crate) padding_offset: Option<usize>,
-}
-
-impl DecodeMetadata {
- pub(crate) fn new(decoded_bytes: usize, padding_index: Option<usize>) -> Self {
- Self {
- decoded_len: decoded_bytes,
- padding_offset: padding_index,
- }
- }
-}